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1.
Acta amaz ; 45(3): 333-336, July-Sept. 2015. ilus, map
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1455255

ABSTRACT

Centipedes are opportunistic carnivore predators, and large species can feed on a wide variety of vertebrates, including bats. The aim of this study was to report the third record of bat predation by centipedes worldwide, the first record in the Amazon region, while covering aspects of foraging, capture and handling of prey. We observed the occurence in a fortuitous encounter at Cristalino State Park, located in the Amazon region of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The attack took place in a small wooden structure, at about three meters from the floor, and was observed for 20 minutes. During the observation, the centipede stung the neck and abdominal region of the bat several times, grabbing the prey with its 15 pairs of front legs while hanging from the ceiling with its hind legs. This type of observation suggests that vertebrates can be important preys for invertebrates such as giant centipedes, both for its nutritional composition and for the amount of energy available in a single prey.


Centopeias são predadores carnívoros oportunistas e grandes espécies podem se alimentar de uma grande variedade de vertebrados, inclusive de morcegos. O objetivo desse trabalho é reportar o terceiro registro de predação de morcego por centopeia, e o primeiro para a região Amazônica, abrangendo aspectos do forrageamento, captura e manipulação da presa. O registro foi realizado de forma fortuita, no Parque Estadual do Cristalino, região de Floresta Amazônica, no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. O ataque ocorreu em uma estrutura de madeira a cerca de três metros de altura e foi observado por 20 minutos. Durante a observação, a centopeia picou várias vezes o pescoço e região abdominal do morcego, agarrando a presa com seus 15 pares de pernas anteriores e se pendurando ao teto com as pernas posteriores. Esse tipo de observação sugere que vertebrados podem ser importantes presas para invertebrados, como centopeias gigantes, tanto por sua composição nutricional quanto pela quantidade de energia disponível em uma única presa.


Subject(s)
Animals , Arthropods , Feeding Behavior , Predatory Behavior , Chiroptera
2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 62(3): 977-985, jul.-sep. 2014. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-753668

ABSTRACT

Onychophora have undergone a new wave of taxonomic revisions in the last three years. After a recent revision, only two species of Macroperipatus are registered from Brazil: Macroperipatus ohausi and Macroperipatus geayi. The former was only the second species of Onychophora to be described from Brazil, and is herein redescribed, illustrated, and its taxonomic status revised. Macroperipatus ohausi had only been collected at the type locality, Petrópolis, state of Rio de Janeiro, but has not been found there since its discovery. In 2009 we collected two specimens of this species in an Atlantic rain forest fragment in Nova Iguaçu in RPPN dos Petroleiros (also state of Rio de Jane iro). The color of the new specimens was interpreted and described based on the NBS/ISCC System of Color Designation, and corresponds only weakly to that described in earlier publications on M. ohausi. The identification of M. ohausi was based solely on its morphology and compared with its original description. In addition, a female syntype of M. ohausi deposited in the Zoologisches Museum (Hamburg) was examined. We reinvestigated its external morphology and concluded that the dorsal papillae have been misinterpreted in M. ohausi in previous studies of its integument. The new specimens examined are conspecific with M. ohausi mainly by having conical primary papillae, different sized accessory papillae, and by the number of legs. Our material resembles the original description of M. ohausi, for example, in spinous pad and nephridial tubercles, even though these features are not represented in the original description and rede- scription of M. ohausi; these features are further detailed here. We concluded that the dorsal papillae morphology of M. ohausi, shares diagnostic characters, for example, with representatives of the genera Peripatus and Epiperipatus. The dorsal papillae are rounded and not square as in the original description and redescription. Another argument that supports our conclusion is that the RPPN dos Petroleiros, the locality where the new samples were collected, belongs to the same mountain chain and Atlantic mosaic as the original material of M. ohausi. Furthermore, a male of M. ohausi is described here for the first time. Based on our morphological data, we transfered this species to the genus Epiperipatus, proposing a new combination, E. ohausi.


Onychophora experimentó una nueva serie de revisiones taxonómicas en los últimos tres años. Después de una reciente revisión, sólo dos especies de Macroperipatus fueron registradas para Brasil: Macroperipatus ohausi y Macroperipatus geayi. La primera fue solo la segunda especie de Onychophora en ser descrita en Brasil y aquí es redescrita, ilustrada, y su estatus taxonómico revisado. Macroperipatus ohausi sólo se había recolectado en la localidad tipo, Petropolis, Estado de Rio de Janeiro, pero no se ha encontrado allí desde su descubrimiento. En 2009, recolectamos dos ejemplares de esta especie en un fragmento de la ‘Mata Atlantica’ en Nova Iguaçu en el RPPN de los Petroleiros (también en el estado de Rio de Janeiro). El color de los ejemplares nuevos fue interpretado y descrito, basado en el sistema NBS System/ISCC de designación de colores, y correspondió débilmente al descrito en publicaciones anteriores sobre M. ohausi. La identificación de M. ohausi se basó únicamente en su morfología, en comparación con la descripción original. Además, se examinó un sintipo hembra de M. ohausi depositado en Zoologisches Museum (Hamburgo). Nosotros reinvestigamos su morfología externa y concluimos que las papilas dorsales fueron mal interpretadas en M. ohausi en los estudios previos de su integumento. Los nuevos especímenes examinados son coespecíficos con M. ohausi principalmente por tener las papilas primarias cónicas, diferente tamaño de las papilas accesorias, y por el número de patas. Nuestro material se asemeja a la descripción original de M. ohausi, por ejemplo, la almohadilla espinosa y tubérculos nefridiales, aunque estas características no están representadas en la descripción original y redescripcion de M. ohausi, estas características también se detallan aquí. Llegamos a la conclusión de que la morfología de las papilas dorsales de M. ohausi, comparte caracteres de diagnóstico, por ejemplo, con los representantes de los géneros Peripatus y Epiperipatus. Las papilas dorsales son redondeadas y no cuadradas como en la descripción original y redescripción. Otro argumento que apoya nuestra conclusión es que la RPPN dos Petroleiros, la ubicación en la que se recogieron las nuevas muestras, pertenece a la misma cadena de montañas y al mosaico Atlántico, tal como el material original de M. ohausi. Por otra parte, se describe aquí por primera vez un macho de M. ohausi. Basado en nuestros datos morfológicos, transferimos esta especie al género Epiperipatus, que propone una nueva combinación, E. ohausi.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Invertebrates/anatomy & histology , Invertebrates/classification
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